![]() The sociogram was a representation of the social structure of a group of elementary school students. Moreno claimed that "before the advent of sociometry no one knew what the interpersonal structure of a group 'precisely' looked like" (Moreno, 1953). He developed the sociogram and presented it to the public in April 1933 at a convention of medical scholars. In the 1930s Jacob Moreno, a psychologist in the Gestalt tradition, arrived in the United States. The field of graph theory continued to develop and found applications in chemistry (Sylvester, 1878).ĭénes Kőnig, a Hungarian mathematician and professor, wrote the first book in Graph Theory, entitled "Theory of finite and infinite graphs", in 1936. Euler's mathematical description of vertices and edges was the foundation of graph theory, a branch of mathematics that studies the properties of pairwise relations in a network structure. The earliest known paper in this field is the famous Seven Bridges of Königsberg written by Leonhard Euler in 1736. The study of networks has emerged in diverse disciplines as a means of analyzing complex relational data. The United States National Research Council defines network science as "the study of network representations of physical, biological, and social phenomena leading to predictive models of these phenomena." Background and history The field draws on theories and methods including graph theory from mathematics, statistical mechanics from physics, data mining and information visualization from computer science, inferential modeling from statistics, and social structure from sociology. Network science is an academic field which studies complex networks such as telecommunication networks, computer networks, biological networks, cognitive and semantic networks, and social networks, considering distinct elements or actors represented by nodes (or vertices) and the connections between the elements or actors as links (or edges). ![]()
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